Burnout y malestar psicológico en los residentes de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria / Burnout and psychological distress among trainee General Practitioners

OBJETIVO: Estimar la prevalencia de burnout y malestar psicológico de los médicos residentes de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria (MFyC) de dos unidades docentes y determinar su relación con el año de residencia, los estilos de vida y las condiciones laborales. DISEÑO: Estudio transversal. Emplazamiento: Atención Primaria. Participantes: Se realizaron encuestas presenciales a los residentes de dos unidades docentes (n = 278), incluyendo a todos los residentes de la muestra. El porcentaje de respuesta fue del 76,9%. MEDICIONES PRINCIPALES: Prevalencia de burnout mediante la escala Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) y prevalencia de malestar psicológico mediante la escala General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12). También variables sobre estilos de vida, organización laboral y consumo de drogas. RESULTADOS: El 72% de los participantes son mujeres. La prevalencia de burnout es del 33,8% (IC 95% 27,0-40,6), siendo del 25,6% (IC 95% 19,5-31,7) el agotamiento emocional, 37,9% (IC 95% 31,0-44,7) la despersonalización y 52,9% (IC 95% 45,9-59,9) la baja realización personal. La prevalencia aumenta de forma significativa en todas las dimensiones a partir del segundo año de residencia, excepto en la realización personal. La prevalencia de malestar emocional es del 40,4% (IC 95% 33,5-47,3), sin diferencias significativas según año de residencia. De los residentes con malestar psicológico, el 50,0% presenta también burnout, mientras que este porcentaje es del 22,1% entre los que no presentan malestar psicológico. CONCLUSIONES: La prevalencia de malestar emocional y de burnout (especialmente en baja realización personal) es elevada en los residentes de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria. Esta es superior a la descrita en estudios previos para otros colectivos de profesionales de la salud y se debe tener en cuenta para desarrollar medidas preventivas

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of burnout and psychological distress among trainee General Practitioners of two training placements and its relationship with the year of residence, lifestyle and working conditions. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. LOCATION: Primary Care. PARTICIPANTS: On-site surveys for all trainees of two training placements (n = 278), including all trainees of the sample. The response percentage is 76.9%. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Prevalence of burnout using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) scale and prevalence of psychological distress using the General Health Questionnaire-12 scale (GHQ-12). Also variables on lifestyles, labor organization and drug use. Outcomes: 72% of participants are women. The prevalence of burnout is 33.8% (CI 95% 27.0-40.6), being 25.6% (CI 95% 19.5-31.7) emotional exhaustion, 37.9% (CI 95% 31.0-44.7) depersonalization and 52.9% (CI 95% 45.9-59.9) the low personal accomplishment. Prevalence increases significantly in all dimensions after the second year of training, except in personal accomplishment. The prevalence of emotional distress is 40.4% (CI 95% 33.5-47.3), without significant differences according to year of training. In the group of trainees with psychological distress, 50.0% also have burnout, while this percentage is 22.1% among those who do not present psychological distress. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of emotional distress and burnout (especially in low personal accomplishment) is high in trainee General Practitioners. The prevalence in higher than the described in previous studies for other groups of health professionals and should be taken into account to develop preventive measures

[Burnout and psychological distress among trainee General Practitioners]. / Burnout y malestar psicológico en los residentes de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of burnout and psychological distress among trainee General Practitioners of two training placements and its relationship with the year of residence, lifestyle and working conditions. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. LOCATION: Primary Care. PARTICIPANTS: On-site surveys for all trainees of two training placements (n = 278), including all trainees of the sample. The response percentage is 76.9%. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Prevalence of burnout using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) scale and prevalence of psychological distress using the General Health Questionnaire-12 scale (GHQ-12). Also variables on lifestyles, labor organization and drug use. OUTCOMES: 72% of participants are women. The prevalence of burnout is 33.8% (CI 95% 27.0-40.6), being 25.6% (CI 95% 19.5-31.7) emotional exhaustion, 37.9% (CI 95% 31.0-44.7)depersonalization and 52.9% (CI 95% 45.9-59.9) the low personal accomplishment. Prevalence increases significantly in all dimensions after the second year of training, except in personal accomplishment. The prevalence of emotional distress is 40.4% (CI 95% 33.5-47.3), without significant differences according to year of training. In the group of trainees with psychological distress, 50.0% also have burnout, while this percentage is 22.1% among those who do not present psychological distress. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of emotional distress and burnout (especially in low personal accomplishment) is high in trainee General Practitioners. The prevalence in higher than the described in previous studies for other groups of health professionals and should be taken into account to develop preventive measures.